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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(1): 112-125, abr. 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430779

ABSTRACT

Abstract A 33-year-old woman with a history of high blood pressure since she was 8 years old, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic syndrome, multiple nevi, and a maternal family history of death at age 50 due to malignant high blood pressure and heart failure. Cushing's syndrome secondary to a secretory pituitary microadenoma was diagnosed, being the cause of secondary arterial hypertension, and ruling out other causes such as renal stenosis and coarctation of the aorta. A transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram was performed, which detected a left atrial myxoma. Given the presence of an atrial myxoma, Cushing's syndro me and polycystic ovary syndrome, a diagnosis of Carney Complex was made due to the presence of positive Stratakis criteria. The cardiac tumor was resected, and pathology confirmed that it was an atrial myxoma. She evolved clinically stable in outpatient controls in a 6-month follow-up. Resection of the pituitary microadenoma is planned as a curative treatment for Cushing's syndrome and arterial hypertension.


Resumen Mujer de 33 años, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial desde los 8 años, hipotiroidismo, síndrome de ovario poliquístico, síndrome metabólico, nevos múltiples y antecedente familiar materno de muerte a los 50 años por hipertensión arterial maligna e insuficiencia cardiaca. Se diagnosticó síndrome de Cushing secundario a un mi croadenoma hipofisario secretor, siendo la causa de la hipertensión arterial secundaria, y descartándose otras causas como estenosis renal y coartación de aorta. Se realizó u n ecocardiograma transtorácico y transesofágico que detectaron un mixoma auricular izquierdo. Ante la presencia de un mixoma auricular, síndrome de Cushing y síndrome de ovario poliquístico se llegó al diagnóstico de Complejo de Carney por la presencia de criterios de Stratakis positivos. Se realizó la resección del tumor cardiaco, y la anatomía patológica confirmó que se trataba de un mixoma auricular. Evolucionó clínicamente estable en controles ambulatorios en un seguimiento de 6 meses, y se planifica la resección del microadenoma hipofisario como tratamiento curativo del síndrome de Cushing y la hipertensión arterial.

2.
Iatreia ; 35(4)dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534606

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la enfermedad de Cushing (EC) se debe sospechar en el paciente pediátrico con retraso del crecimiento, aumento de peso y fenotipo característico. Se sugiere iniciar el protocolo diagnóstico, que consiste en: comprobación de hipercortisolemia, sitio de producción del cortisol e imágenes, para finalmente realizar el tratamiento quirúrgico curativo. Reporte de casos: se presentan los casos de tres pacientes con alteración de la velocidad de crecimiento, aumento de peso y fenotipo característico. Se realiza la secuencia diagnóstica para demostrar el hipercortisolismo, posteriormente se confirma EC y se realiza imagen por resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) de hipófisis. Finalmente se lleva a cabo el tratamiento quirúrgico curativo. Conclusiones: la EC en pediatría sigue siendo un desafío diagnóstico. Un abordaje para su detección inicia con la sospecha clínica asociada a una adecuada interpretación de los estudios bioquímicos e imágenes, lo que permite realizar un diagnóstico oportuno y un tratamiento curativo definitivo.


Summary Introduction: Cushing's disease (CD) should always be suspected in a pediatric patient with growth delay, excessive weight gain and characteristic phenotype. It is suggested to start a diagnostic protocol sequence: verification of hypercortisolism, production site and images, to finally perform the definitive curative surgical treatment. Case reports: We report three CD patients with altered growth velocity, weight gain and characteristic phenotype. The diagnostic sequence was performed to demonstrate hypercortisolism. CD was subsequently confirmed, and a pituitary nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was performed. All patients underwent curative surgery. Conclusion: CD in pediatrics continues to be a diagnostic challenge for the clinician. An approach with high initial clinical suspicion, associated with paraclinical studies and obtaining the adequate images, are necessary to make an accurate diagnosis and a definitive curative treatment.

3.
Rev. Odontol. Araçatuba (Impr.) ; 43(3): 54-60, set.-dez. 2022. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1381314

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of a patient with Cushing's syndrome, low self-esteem and need for oral rehabilitation. A 50-year-old female patient with hypercortisolism sought care at School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. During anamnesis, the patient reported painful symptoms and mobility of the upper and lower teeth. On clinical examination, absence of many teeth were observed, periodontal disease and caries lesions. After discussion of the case, the planning involved the extraction of all teeth, and the preparation of Maxillary Immediate Complete Dentures (ICD's) and Immediate Mandibular Implant-retained Overdenture (IMIO). The treatment proposed allowed the restored aesthetics, phonetics and chewing(AU)


O objetivo desse estudo é relatar um caso clínico de uma paciente com síndrome de Cushing, baixa autoestima e necessidade de reabilitação oral. Paciente do sexo feminino, 50 anos de idade e com hipercortisolismo, procurou atendimento na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Durante a anamnese, a paciente relatou sintomas dolorosos e mobilidade dos dentes superiores e inferiores. No exame clínico, foi observada a ausência de muitos dentes, doença periodontal e lesões cariosas. Após a discussão do caso, o planejamento envolveu a extração de todos os dentes, e o preparo de Prótese Total Imediata maxilar (PTI), e Overdenture Implantorretida Imediata mandibular. O tratamento proposto permitiu que restaurasse a estética, fonética e mastigação(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Cushing Syndrome , Denture, Complete, Immediate , Periodontal Diseases , Tooth Extraction , Dental Caries , Denture, Complete , Denture, Overlay , Esthetics, Dental
4.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 38(3): e38314, sept. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY, REPincaP | ID: biblio-1409860

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Presentamos un caso de una paciente femenina de 27 años, con síndrome de Cushing ACTH dependiente con hipercortisolismo severo, causado por un macroadenoma hipofisario recurrente y resistente pese a dos cirugías transesfenoidales, radioterapia y terapia médica. Dada la falla en las diferentes terapias se realiza una adrenalectomía bilateral como tratamiento definitivo. La paciente fallece en el posoperatorio por causa no clara. Si bien la adrenalectomía bilateral ha sido reportada como un tratamiento efectivo en pacientes con enfermedad de Cushing, se ha relacionado con una mortalidad significativa vinculada con la severidad del hipercortisolismo y las comorbilidades presentes. En este caso la adrenalectomía izquierda se tuvo que convertir a cielo abierto, asociada con mayor morbimortalidad.


Abstract: The study presents the case of a 27-year-old female patient with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) dependent Cushing's disease and severe hypercortisolism caused by recurrent pituitary macroadenoma that was resistant to treatment despite two transsphenoidal surgeries, radiotherapy and medical treatment. Upon failure of the different therapies a bilateral adrenalectomy was performed as the final treatment. The patient died in after surgery although the case of death was not clear. Despite bilateral adrenalectomy having been reports as an effective treatment in patients with Cushing's disease, it has been related to significant mortality rates in connection with the severity of hypercortisolism and existing comorbilities. In this case the left adrenalectomy ended up being an open surgery, which is associated to a higher mortality rate.


Resumo: Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente de 27 anos com síndrome de Cushing ACTH-dependente com hipercortisolismo grave causado por macroadenoma hipofisário, recorrente e resistente, apesar de haver sido submetida a duas cirurgias transesfenoidal, radioterapia e terapia medicamentosa. Diante do fracasso das diferentes terapias, foi realizada adrenalectomia bilateral como tratamento definitivo. A paciente faleceu no pós-operatório por causa não esclarecida. Embora a adrenalectomia bilateral tenha sido relatada como tratamento eficaz em pacientes com doença de Cushing, ela tem sido associada a mortalidade significativa relacionada à gravidade do hipercortisolismo e às comorbidades presentes. Neste caso, a adrenalectomia esquerda teve que ser convertida para cirurgia aberta, associada a maior morbimortalidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Adenoma/complications , Cushing Syndrome/complications , Cushing Syndrome/therapy , ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/complications , Recurrence , Catastrophic Illness , Fatal Outcome , Adrenalectomy , Cushing Syndrome/surgery
5.
Iatreia ; 35(2): 183-192, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421632

ABSTRACT

Resumen El complejo de Carney es una enfermedad caracterizada por lesiones en la piel, tumores endocrinos, cardiacos, gonadales y en otros órganos, que está asociada con mutaciones del gen PRKAR1A. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente con varias de las manifestaciones más características de este síndrome. Finalmente, se hace una revisión de la literatura.


Abstract Carney complex is a disease characterized by skin lesions, endocrine, cardiac, gonadal and other organ tumors, associated with mutations of the PRKAR1A gene. We present the clinical case of a patient with several of the most characteristic manifestations of this syndrome. Finally, there will be a review of the literature.

6.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 29(2): 215-221, ene.-abr. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376880

ABSTRACT

Resumen En la población hipertensa se detecta una causa subyacente en 5% a 10%. Identificar etiología y establecer un tratamiento específico reduce el riesgo de daño de órgano blanco y, en algunos casos, puede curar la enfermedad primaria y la hipertensión. Dada su baja prevalencia, no se recomienda realizar una búsqueda exhaustiva de causas secundarias en todos los pacientes hipertensos. En este artículo se analiza cuándo y cómo debe estudiarse una hipertensión secundaria.


Abstract In the hypertensive population, between 5-10%, an underlying cause is detected. Identifying the etiology and giving specific treatment reduces the risk of hypertension-mediated organ damage and, in some cases, can cure the disease and high blood pressure. Due to its low prevalence, an exhaustive search for secondary causes is not recommended in all patients with hypertension. This article will discuss when and how to study secondary hypertension.

7.
Acta méd. peru ; 39(2): 193-197, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403008

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El síndrome de Cushing endógeno deriva de un aumento crónico, inapropiado y sostenido de glucocorticoides principalmente como respuesta al exceso en las concentraciones séricas elevadas de la hormona adrenocorticotropa (ACTH) desde un tumor adenohipofisiario, enfermedad de Cushing; o producida de forma ectópica por tumores neuroendocrinos. El Cushing suprarrenal se origina por tumores de la corteza adrenal que producen de forma autónoma cortisol y es independiente de ACTH. El curso clínico, tratamiento, pronóstico y posibles complicaciones dependen de identificar de forma correcta la lesión desencadenante; situación que en múltiples ocasiones resulta en una experiencia retadora para los clínicos. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 62 años, ingresada por síntomas constitucionales con hipocaliemia severa de difícil corrección e hipercortisolismo severo.


ABSTRACT Endogenous Cushing syndrome derives from a chronic, inappropriate, and sustained increase in glucocorticoids, mainly in response to remarkably high serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreted from an adenohypophyseal tumor, Cushing's disease, or due to ectopic production by neuroendocrine tumors. Adrenal Cushing's disease is caused by tumors of the adrenal cortex that autonomously produce cortisol and this is independent from ACTH action. Clinical course, treatment, prognosis, and possible complications depend on correctly identifying the triggering lesion; this situation frequently becomes a challenging experience for clinicians. We present the case of a 62-year-old woman, admitted for constitutional symptoms with severe hypokalemia that was difficult to correct and severe hypercortisolism.

8.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 94(1)mar. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409114

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Las causas adrenales del síndrome de Cushing como el carcinoma son las etiologías comunes en el niño, si bien su incidencia es baja. Objetivo: Describir los procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos seguidos en el caso de una lactante de cinco meses con síndrome de Cushing como consecuencia de un carcinoma adrenocortical. Presentación del caso: Lactante femenina de cinco meses consultada por aumento excesivo de peso a partir del segundo mes de nacida a pesar de no alimentarse adecuadamente, además de presentar un retraso en el crecimiento. Se constató obesidad centrípeta y facie pletórica, ligero eritema facial y livedo reticularis, tensión arterial de 130/80 mmHg (>95 percentil). Presentaba agenesia de labios menores, sin vello axilar o pubiano. En el estudio de la función suprarrenal se encontró cifras elevadas de cortisol plasmático. En la tomografía computarizada abdominal se observó imagen hiperdensa compatible con tumor suprarrenal. Se diagnosticó síndrome de Cushing de etiología suprarrenal. Se le realizó adrenalectomía unilateral y se tomó muestra para biopsia posoperatoria y se emitió el diagnóstico de carcinoma adrenocortical. La paciente presenta una evolución desfavorable y finalmente fallece a consecuencia de un fallo multiorgánico al mes de realizada la cirugía. Conclusiones: Ante la sospecha clínica de síndrome de Cushing en la lactante se realizaron las determinaciones hormonales pertinentes y precisó la etiología mediante pruebas de imagen, confirmada por biopsia posquirúrgica. La cirugía constituye la terapia más adecuada ante un paciente con síndrome de Cushing de causa tumoral adrenal, aunque estos pacientes por lo general cursan con mal pronóstico.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The adrenal causes of Cushing's syndrome such as carcinoma are the common etiologies in the child, although their incidence is low. Objective: Describe the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures followed in the case of a five-month-old infant with Cushing's syndrome as a result of adrenocortical carcinoma. Case presentation: Five-month-old female infant consulted due to excessive weight gain from the second month of birth despite not eating properly, in addition to presenting a stunted growth. Centripetal and facial plethora obesity, slight facial erythema and livedo reticularis, blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg (>95 percentile) were found. She had agenesis of labia minora, without axillary or pubic hair. In the study of adrenal function, elevated plasma cortisol levels were found. Abdominal CT scan showed hyperdense image compatible with adrenal tumor. Cushing's syndrome of adrenal etiology was diagnosed. Unilateral adrenalectomy was performed and a sample was taken for postoperative biopsy and the diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma was made. The patient presented an unfavorable evolution and she finally died as a result of a multi-organ failure a month after the surgery. Conclusions: Given the clinical suspicion of Cushing's syndrome in the infant, the pertinent hormonal determinations were made and the etiology was specified by imaging tests, confirmed by post-surgical biopsy. Surgery is the most appropriate therapy for a patient with Cushing's syndrome with an adrenal tumor cause, although these patients usually have a bad prognosis.

9.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 10(3): 322, dic. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1425537

ABSTRACT

Los corticoesteroides tópicos son drogas muy comunes, frecuentemente utilizadas en patologías dermatológicas. Su mal uso puede causar efectos sistémicos, como el síndrome de Cushing y la supresión del eje hipotalámico ­ hipofisiario ­ adrenal. Presentamos un caso de un lactante menor de siete meses quien desarrolla un síndrome de Cushing secundario al uso de Clobetasol por una dermatitis en el área del pañal, por tiempo prolongado, sin prescripción médica. Al examen físico se evidencia obesidad a predominio central, con fascie de luna llena, hipertricosis en región frontal, telangiectasias aisladas en mejillas y cuello de búfalo. Los paraclínicos demuestran una hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, elevación de las transaminasas y cortisol sérico en la mañana disminuido. Se concluye que se debe informar a los padres de los efectos adversos sistémicos de los esteroides tópicos y se sugiere evitar en pacientes pediátrico(AU)


Topical corticosteroids are very common drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Prolonged ormisuse of them may cause systemic adverse effects, including Cushing syndrome and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axissuppression. We present a case of a seven months old maleinfant who developed iatrogenic Cushing syndrome after diaperdermatitis treatment through misuse of Clobetasol, withoutdoctor's prescription. We observe redness and a moon face, abuffalo hump, central obesity and hirsutism. Laboratory values revealed hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevationin liver enzymes and low early morning cortisol. To conclude,parents must be informed by physicians about the adverse effect of steroids and the should be avoided in very young infant(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Clobetasol , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Cushing Syndrome , Dermatitis , Glucocorticoids , Signs and Symptoms , Skin Diseases , Therapeutics , Pharmaceutical Preparations
10.
Iatreia ; 34(2): 137-150, abr.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250064

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Los glucocorticoides son medicamentos ampliamente usados para el manejo de muchas enfermedades crónicas; a pesar de esto, están asociados con múltiples efectos adversos que pueden afectar diferentes órganos. En la presente revisión se hará una descripción de los efectos derivados del uso de estos sobre el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenales y los diferentes sistemas, haciendo énfasis en el sistema cardiovascular y óseo.


SUMMARY Glucocorticoids are widely used medications for the management of many chronic diseases, but they are associated with multiple adverse effects that can affect different organs. In the present review, a description will be made of the effects derived from the use of these medications on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and other systems, with emphasis on the cardiovascular system and bone.


Subject(s)
Humans , Glucocorticoids , Bone and Bones , Chronic Disease , Affect
11.
Rev. bras. hipertens ; 28(1): 48-53, 10 març. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1367895

ABSTRACT

Caso clínico de VNS, 23 anos, sexo feminino, branca, solteira, estudante, natural e procedente de São Paulo- SP com queixa de "pressão alta" há 4 anos. A paciente foi encaminhada para consulta ambulatorial após ter sido atendida em pronto-socorro (PS) com cefaleia, tonturas e pressão arterial (PA) 210x110 mm Hg e medicada com losartana 50 mg a cada 12 horas e hidroclorotiazida 25 mg ao dia. Na avaliação ambulatorial relatava episódios prévios de cefaleia holocraniana de forte intensidade, latejante, de início gradual há 4 anos com piora há 2 anos, que a levava ao pronto-socorro (PS) com muita frequência. Além disso, referia aumento de peso e fraqueza generalizada. Ao exame físico apresentava-se com níveis elevados da PA 160x100 mm Hg em uso das medicações prescritas no PS, obesidade grau III (IMC 41), adiposidade localizada (giba), acantose nigricans e estrias violáceas abdominais. Foi diagnosticada a doença de Cushing associada à hipertensão arterial não controlada, realizados ajustes dos agentes anti-hipertensivos (associado anlodipino 5 mg a cada 12 horas) e solicitados exames laboratoriais. A monitorização ambulatorial da PA (MAPA) de 24 horas caracterizou a hipertensão resistente, as dosagens de cortisol (cortisol salivar = 8h:172; após 23h:280, supressão com dexametasona =<2,5) e a ressonância nuclear magnética evidenciou um macroadenoma da hipófise confirmando o diagnóstico da doença de Cushing com base nos achados do exame físico, laboratorial e de imagem. A paciente foi tratada clinicamente com cetoconazol via oral sem sucesso e após isso submetida a ressecção transesfenoidal do macroadenoma de hipófise. Após o tratamento cirúrgico, houve perda de peso e resolução da hipertensão confirmada pelas medidas ambulatoriais de consultório e pela MAPA.


Clinical case of VNS, 23 years old, female, white, single, student, born and living in São Paulo-SP, complaining of "high blood pressure" 4 years ago. The patient was referred to an outpatient clinic after being seen in the emergency room (ER) with headache, dizziness and blood pressure (BP) 210x110 mm Hg and medicated with losartan 50 mg every 12 hours and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily. In the outpatient evaluation, she reported previous episodes of severe, throbbing holocranial headache, which started gradually over 4 years and worsened over 2 years ago, which took her to the ER very often. In addition, she reported weight gain and generalized weakness. On physical examination, he presented with high BP levels 160x100 mm Hg using the medications prescribed in ER, obesity grade III (BMI 41), localized adiposity (gib), acanthosis nigricans and abdominal violet streaks. Cushing's syndrome was diagnosed associated with uncontrolled arterial hypertension, adjustments were made to antihypertensive agents (associated with amlodipine 5 mg every 12 hours) and laboratory tests were requested. 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) characterized resistant hypertension, cortisol levels (salivary cortisol = 8:00 am: 172; after 11:00 pm: 280, dexamethasone suppression = <2.5) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a macroadenoma of the pituitary gland confirming the diagnosis of Cushing's disease based on the findings of the physical, laboratory and imaging exam. The patient was clinically treated with oral ketoconazole and underwent transphenoid resection of the pituitary macroadenoma. After the surgery the patient was no longer hipertensive, without use of antihypertensive medications, outpatient office measurements were normal, as were measurements outside the office by ABPM


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pituitary Gland/surgery , Pituitary Gland/pathology , Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion/diagnosis , Hypertension/therapy
12.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 37(2): e37211, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED | ID: biblio-1289850

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Identificar la causa de un síndrome de Cushing dependiente de adrenocorticotropina (ACTH) es esencial para realizar un tratamiento correcto. La hipersecreción de ACTH es debida en su mayoría a un tumor hipofisario (enfermedad de Cushing) o, en un 10%-20%, a tumores con producción ectópica de esta hormona. Los test no invasivos tienen baja sensibilidad y especificidad para diferenciar estas dos etiologías. El patrón oro lo constituye el cateterismo bilateral de los senos petrosos inferiores (CSP). Mediante el CSP se demuestra la hipersecreción de ACTH a nivel hipofisario al documentar un gradiente de ACTH central a periférico en el drenaje del tumor. Se recomienda realizarlo en todo síndrome de Cushing ACTH dependiente, aunque suele reservarse para pacientes con diagnóstico de hipercortisolismo y hallazgos negativos o equívocos en la resonancia nuclear magnética (RNM) de la región selar. Presentamos el primer caso en Uruguay en que se utilizó el CSP como método diagnóstico, una mujer de 55 años que presentó un hipercortisolismo ACTH-dependiente con una imagen adenohipofisaria <6 mm. El gradiente petroso-periférico confirmó el diagnóstico de enfermedad de Cushing y no hubo complicaciones durante el procedimiento. Posteriormente se realizó la resección del adenoma mediante cirugía transesfenoidal, con buena evolución y confirmación inmunohistoquímica del tumor.


Summary: Identifying the cause of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome is key to define the appropriate treatment. Hypersecretion of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is mainly caused by a pituitary tumor (Cushing's syndrome) or, in 10% to 20% of cases, by tumors with ectopic production of this hormone. Differentiation between these two etiologies may not be easy due to the low sensitivity and specificity of non- invasive tests. Bilateral sampling of the lower petrosal sinus is the gold standard to differentiate between a pituitary and an ectopic origin, showing the pituitary ACHT hypersecretion and recording the central-to-peripheral ACTH gradient in the tumor's drainage. Despite it being highly recommended for all cases of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, it is reserved for patients with a diagnosis of hypercortisolism and negative or misleading findings in the MRI of the sellar region. The study presents the first case of petrosal sinus sampling for diagnostic purposes in Uruguay, in a 55-year-old woman with ACHT-dependent hypercortisolism showing an adenohypophysis image < 6 mm. The petrosal-peripheral gradient confirmed the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and no complications arose during the procedure. Afterwards a transsphenoidal surgery was performed for resection of the adenoma. Evolution was good and immunochemistry confirmed the tumor's etiology.


Resumo: Identificar a causa da síndrome de Cushing dependente de adrenocorticotropina (ACTH) é essencial para o tratamento adequado. A hipersecreção de ACTH se deve principalmente a um tumor hipofisário (doença de Cushing) ou, em 10%-20%, a tumores com produção ectópica desse hormônio. Os testes não invasivos apresentam baixa sensibilidade e especificidade para diferenciar essas duas etiologias. O padrão ouro é o cateterismo bilateral dos seios petrosos inferiores (CEP). O CSP demonstra hipersecreção de ACTH no nível da hipófise, documentando um gradiente de ACTH central a periférico na drenagem do tumor. É recomendado nos casos de síndrome de Cushing dependente de ACTH, embora seja geralmente reservado para pacientes com diagnóstico de hipercortisolismo e achados negativos ou duvidosos na ressonância magnética (RNM) da região selar. Apresentamos o primeiro caso no Uruguai em que o CSP foi usado como método diagnóstico, uma mulher de 55 anos que apresentava hipercortisolismo ACTH dependente com imagem da hipófise anterior <6 mm. O gradiente petroso-periférico confirmou o diagnóstico de doença de Cushing e não houve complicações durante o procedimento. A seguir, o adenoma foi ressecado por cirurgia transesfenoidal, com boa evolução e confirmação imunohistoquímica do tumor.


Subject(s)
Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis , Cushing Syndrome/etiology , Catheterization , Petrosal Sinus Sampling
13.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 37(4): 762-766, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156835

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Mycobacterium abscessus es una micobacteria no tuberculosa de crecimiento rápido, que produce infección pulmonar, cutánea, diseminada y otras, sobre todo en pacientes con comorbilidades. El diagnóstico se basa en la identificación de la micobacteria por medios de cultivo o por pruebas moleculares. El tratamiento con macrólidos y amikacina continúa siendo el ideal, aunque depende de la localización y de la gravedad de la infección, sin embargo, se han identificado genes de resistencia en algunas subespecies que limitan la eficacia antibiótica. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con coinfección cutánea por Mycobacterium abscessus y Mycobacterium tuberculosis, quien presenta un síndrome de Cushing exógeno, factor predisponente para estas infecciones. Además, se identificaron hidatidosis y aspergilosis pulmonares. El tratamiento antituberculoso del paciente se ajustó para manejar ambas micobacterias, y su evolución fue favorable.


ABSTRACT Mycobacterium abscessus is a fast-growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium that causes lung, skin, disseminated and other infections, mainly in patients with comorbidities. The diagnosis is based on the identification of the mycobacterium by culture media or molecular tests. Treatment with macrolides and amikacin remains the optimal choice, although it depends on the location and severity of the infection; however, resistance genes have been identified in some subspecies that limit antibiotic efficacy. We present the case of a patient with cutaneous coinfection by Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, who presented exogenous Cushing syndrome, a predisposing factor for these infections. In addition, hydatidosis and pulmonary aspergillosis were identified. The patient's anti-tuberculosis treatment was adjusted to manage both mycobacteria, resulting in a favorable evolution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cushing Syndrome , Mycobacterium abscessus , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Patients , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Macrolides , Echinococcosis , Pulmonary Aspergillosis , Gravitation , Infections , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
14.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390224

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El síndrome de Cushing iatrogénico es común por el uso de corticoides por vía oral, tópica o inhalada, pero es extremadamente raro por la vía intranasal. El riesgo de desarrollar insuficiencia suprarrenal secundaria al uso tópico de corticoides es raro, pero siempre está presente. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con síntomas de Cushing y laboratorio compatible con insuficiencia suprarrenal secundaria al uso de corticoides por vía intranasal.


ABSTRACT Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome is commonly caused by the use of corticosteroids orally, topically, or inhaled, but by intranasal use is extremely rare. The risk of developing adrenal insufficiency secondary to topical corticosteroid use is rare, but always present. We present the case of a patient with Cushing's symptoms and a laboratory compatible with adrenal insufficiency secondary to the intranasal use of corticosteroids.

15.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(3): e278-e283, jun. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1116944

ABSTRACT

El incremento de la expectativa de vida con el advenimiento de la terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia plantea desafíos en cuanto a la toxicidad e interacciones medicamentosas. El síndrome de Cushing exógeno por interacción entre ritonavir y fluticasona inhalada en niños con diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y patología pulmonar crónica es infrecuente. Hasta el momento, hay 20 casos reportados. Se describen 3 casos pediátricos con diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y patología pulmonar crónica que presentaron síndrome de Cushing exógeno con fluticasona inhalada en dosis habituales por la interacción medicamentosa entre esta y ritonavir. Los pacientes resolvieron el cuadro clínico luego de 2-4 meses de suspensión de la fluticasona y permanecieron asintomáticos en el seguimiento


The increase in life expectancy with the advent of highly effective antiretroviral therapy poses challenges in terms of toxicity and drug interactions. Exogenous Cushing syndrome by interaction between ritonavir and inhaled fluticasone in children diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic pulmonary pathology is rare. So far, there are 20 cases reported. Three pediatric cases are reported, with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic pulmonary pathology who presented exogenous Cushing syndrome with inhaled fluticasone at usual doses due to drug interaction between it and ritonavir. The patients resolved the clinical Síndrome de Cushing exógeno por interacción medicamentosa de ritonavir y fluticasona inhalada. Reporte de tres casos pediátricos Exogenous Cushing syndrome due to drug interaction of ritonavir and inhaled fluticasone. Report of three pediatric cases picture after 2-4 months of fluticasone suspension and remain asymptomatic in the follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis , HIV , Ritonavir/therapeutic use , Cushing Syndrome/therapy , Fluticasone/adverse effects , Fluticasone/therapeutic use , Lung Diseases
16.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 39(11): 900-908, Nov. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1056914

ABSTRACT

Diseases' clinical-epidemiological characterization assists in directing the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). One-hundred fifteen records of dogs diagnosed by the low dose dexamethasone suppression test and/or ACTH stimulation test were evaluated. Of the cases, 81.3% were HAC ACTH-dependent and 18.7% HAC ACTH-independent. Females were more affected, representing 69.3% of the cases. The mean age was 10.3±2.5 years and 64.9% were gonadectomized. Most of the patients were small size dogs, weighting less than 10kg (73.9%). The most frequent breeds were: Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17.4%), and Yorkshire Terrier (10.4%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were polyphagia (86%), polydipsia (82.6%), polyuria (80%), abdominal enlargement (82.6%), thin skin (79.1%), muscular weakness (78.3%) and panting (74.8%). However, eventually unusual HAC-associated signs would be present in some dogs in a more important way compared with the classic disease´s clinical signs. The CBC showed neutrophilia (66%), eosinopenia (58.3%) and lymphopenia (42.6%) as main hematological abnormalities. The most common findings in serum biochemistry were increased alkaline phosphatase activity (81.74%), increased ALT activity (62.6%), hypercholesterolemia (66%) and hypertriglyceridemia (54.7%). Urinalysis revealed hyposthenuria in 14.9% and isostenuria in 13.5%; besides proteinuria in 50% of the cases. Abdominal ultrasound showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (92.2%) with adrenal asymmetry in 20.8% of the cases, in addition to hepatomegaly (80.9%), biliary sludge (67.8%) and hepatic hyperechogenicity (47.8%). It was concluded that small size gonadectomized female dogs, mainly Poodles and Dachshunds, presented higher frequency in the population studied, and that the main changes observed in clinical and complementary tests were polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal enlargement, adrenal hyperplasia, increased phosphatase alkaline and hyperlipidemia. These results corroborated to a better disease characterization at Brazil. This work concluded that the population studied resembles the profile describe in European and North American epidemiologic studies, and that the HAC dog´s clinical picture looks similar worldwide.(AU)


A caracterização clínica-epidemiológica de doenças auxilia no direcionamento do diagnóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais de uma série de casos de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) canino. Foram avaliados 115 prontuários de cães diagnosticados pelo teste de supressão por baixa dose de dexametasona e/ou teste de estimulação com ACTH. Os casos de HAC ACTH-dependentes representaram 81,3% da população, e 18,7% foram ACTH-independentes. As fêmeas foram mais acometidas, representando 69,3% dos casos. A média de idade foi 10,3 ± 2,5 anos e 64,9% eram gonadectomizados. A maioria dos cães foi de porte pequeno, de até 10 kg (73,9%). As raças mais frequentes foram Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17,4%) e Yorkshire (10,4%). As manifestações clínicas mais relatadas foram polifagia (86%), polidipsia (82,6%), poliúria (80%), abdome pendular (82,6%), atrofia cutânea (79,1%), fraqueza muscular (78,3%) e dispneia (74,8%). Entretanto, eventualmente sinais clínicos pouco associados ao HAC se manifestaram de forma mais importante que os sinais clássicos da doença. O hemograma revelou neutrofilia (66%), eosinopenia (58,3%) e linfopenia (42,6%) como principais alterações hematológicas. Na bioquímica sérica foi observado aumento de fosfatase alcalina (81,74% dos casos), aumento da atividade da ALT (62,6%), hipercolesterolemia (66%) e hipertrigliceridemia (54,7%). A urinálise revelou hipostenúria em 14,9% e isostenúria em 13,5%; além de proteinúria em 50% dos casos. A ecografia abdominal evidenciou hiperplasia bilateral de adrenal (92,2%) com assimetria de adrenais em 20,8% dos casos, além de hepatomegalia (80,9%), lama biliar (67,8%) e hiperecogenicidade hepática (47,8%). Concluiu-se que fêmeas castradas de pequeno porte, principalmente das raças Poodles e Dachshunds, apresentaram maior frequência na população estudada e que as principais alterações observadas clínicas e nos exames complementares foram polifagia, poliúria, polidipsia, aumento abdominal, hiperplasia da adrenal, aumento de fosfatase alcalina e hiperlipidemia. Estes resultados corroboram para melhor caracterização da doença no Brasil. Este estudo concluiu que a população estudada se assemelha ao perfil populacional de cães com HAC descrito em estudos Europeus e Norte Americanos de forma que o perfil dos casos ao redor do globo parece similar.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/veterinary , Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/epidemiology , Cushing Syndrome/veterinary , Cushing Syndrome/epidemiology
17.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 117(5): 536-539, oct. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1054979

ABSTRACT

Los corticoides se utilizan en el tratamiento de muchas enfermedades dermatológicas, debido a sus efectos antiinflamatorios, inmunosupresores y antiproliferativos. Su uso indiscriminado puede ocasionar serios efectos adversos locales y sistémicos, fundamentalmente, en niños y frente a ciertos factores predisponentes. Si bien los corticoides tópicos son seguros y efectivos, se debe prestar principal atención a factores como la edad del paciente, el estado de la barrera cutánea, la localización, la potencia y el vehículo del corticoide antes de su prescripción, para disminuir la posibilidad de efectos adversos. Se presenta a una paciente de 5 meses de edad, la cual concurrió a la consulta por un hemangioma ulcerado en el glúteo izquierdo asociado a un síndrome de Cushing, debido a la aplicación local de un corticoide tópico durante más de 3 meses para tratar dicha lesión.


Corticosteroids are used in the treatment of many dermatological diseases due to their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative effects. Its indiscriminate use can cause serious local and systemic adverse effects, mainly in children and in the presence of certain predisposing factors. While topical corticosteroids are safe and effective, it is important to pay attention to factors such as patient's age, skin barrier, clinical characteristic and localization of the lesion, potency and vehicle of the corticosteroid before its prescription to reduce the possibility of adverse effects. We present the case of a 5-month-old patient who presented an ulcerated hemangioma in the left buttock. Due to the local application of a topical corticosteroid on the hemangioma for more than 3 months, she developed Cushing's syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Cushing Syndrome , Long Term Adverse Effects
18.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 37(3): 386-391, July-Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-RJ | ID: biblio-1041333

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To present two clinical cases of pediatric Cushing disease caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting pituitary adenomas, which were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging using 3 Tesla technology. Case description: Two cases of Cushing disease in 9-year-old children are reported. Both children presented pituitary adenomas that were smaller than 5 mm at their largest diameter, and which were not seen by standard 1.5 Tesla resonance. One of the patients was submitted to bilateral and simultaneous catheterization of the inferior petrosal sinus, but the result was undetermined. In both cases, the pituitary adenoma was detected by 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Both patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery and were cured. Comments: Cushing disease presents high morbidity. Therefore, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential. It is usually caused by adenomas that are smaller than 5 mm in diameter. Surgery is the first line of treatment, and effective methods of locating the adenoma are necessary for greater therapeutic success. This report suggests that the 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive, and thus able to detect pituitary microadenomas (largest diameter <10 mm). This exam may be indicated as a low-morbidity diagnostic tool for finding pituitary microadenomas in Cushing disease that are not visualized by 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.


RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar dois casos clínicos de Doença de Cushing infantil decorrentes de adenoma hipofisário secretor de hormônio adrenocorticotrófico, cujo diagnóstico foi realizado por meio da ressonância magnética pela tecnologia 3 Tesla. Descrição do caso: São relatados dois casos de Doença de Cushing em crianças aos nove anos. Ambas apresentavam adenomas menores que 5 mm em seu maior diâmetro que não foram visualizados por meio de ressonância magnética de sela turca utilizando tecnologia 1,5 Tesla. Uma das pacientes foi submetida ao cateterismo bilateral e simultâneo do seio petroso inferior, porém com resultado indeterminado. Nas duas, o adenoma hipofisário foi visualizado mediante ressonância magnética utilizando tecnologia 3 Tesla. Ambas foram submetidas à cirurgia transesfenoidal e evoluíram para cura. Comentários: A Doença de Cushing apresenta alta morbidade, necessitando de diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, e geralmente é causada por adenomas com diâmetro inferior a 5 mm. O tratamento é cirúrgico, sendo preciso utilizar métodos eficazes de localização do adenoma para maior sucesso terapêutico. Esses relatos sugerem que a ressonância magnética 3 Tesla tem mais sensibilidade na detecção de microadenomas hipofisários (maior diâmetro <10 mm), podendo-se indicar esse exame como uma ferramenta diagnóstica de baixa morbidade na localização de microadenomas hipofisários na Doença de Cushing não visualizados pela ressonância magnética 1,5 Tesla.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Sella Turcica/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion/diagnostic imaging , Sella Turcica/pathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion/pathology
19.
Revista Brasileira de Hipertensão ; 26(2): 52-62, 20190610.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1378189

ABSTRACT

A maioria dos pacientes com hipertensão arterial não tem etiologia clara e é classificada como hipertensão primária. No entanto, 5% a 10% desses pacientes podem ter hipertensão secundária, o que indica presença de uma causa subjacente e potencialmente reversível. A prevalência e etiologias potenciais da hipertensão secundária variam de acordo com a idade. As causas mais comuns em crianças são doença do parênquima renal e coarctação da aorta. Em adultos com 65 anos ou mais, estenose da artéria renal aterosclerótica, insuficiência renal e hipotireoidismo são causas comuns. A hipertensão secundária deve ser considerada na presença de sintomas e sinais sugestivos, como hipertensão grave ou resistente, idade de início inferior a 30 anos (especialmente antes da puberdade), hipertensão maligna ou acelerada e aumento agudo da pressão arterial a partir de leituras previamente estáveis. Além disso, a hipertensão renovascular deve ser considerada em pacientes com um aumento da creatinina sérica de pelo menos 50% ocorrendo dentro de uma semana após o início da terapia com inibidores da enzima de conversão da angiotensina ou com bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina; hipertensão grave e rim menor unilateral ou diferença no tamanho do rim maior que 1,5 cm; ou edema pulmonar instantâneo recorrente. Outras causas subjacentes da hipertensão secundária incluem hiperaldosteronismo, apneia obstrutiva do sono, feocromocitoma, síndrome de Cushing, doença da tireoide, coarctação da aorta e uso de certos medicamentos. O tratamento adequado da hipertensão secundária geralmente pode controlar tanto a condição subjacente quanto hipertensão arterial, o que reduz o risco de complicações sérias como eventos cardiovasculares (infarto do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral, dissecção agudo de aorta e doença aterosclerótica carotídea e periférica) e doença renal crônica.


Most patients with hypertension have no clear etiology and are classified as primary hypertension. However, 5% to 10% of these patients may have secondary hypertension, indicating the presence of an underlying and potentially reversible cause. The prevalence and potential etiologies of secondary hypertension vary with age. The most common causes in children are renal parenchymal disease and aortic coarctation. In adults 65 years and older, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, renal failure, and hypothyroidism are common causes. Secondary hypertension should be considered in the presence of suggestive symptoms and signs such as severe or resistant hypertension, onset age less than 30 years (especially before puberty), malignant or accelerated hypertension, and acute blood pressure increase from previously stable readings. In addition, renovascular hypertension should be considered in patients with a serum creatinine increase of at least 50% occurring within one week of initiation of therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers; severe hypertension and unilateral minor kidney or kidney size difference greater than 1.5 cm; or recurrent instant pulmonary edema. Other underlying causes of secondary hypertension include hyperaldosteronism, obstructive sleep apnea, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, thyroid disease, aortic coarctation, and the use of certain medications. Appropriate treatment of secondary hypertension can usually control both the underlying condition and hypertension, which reduces the risk of serious complications such as cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, acute aortic dissection, and carotid and peripheral atherosclerotic disease) and end-stage renal disease

20.
HU rev ; 45(4): 426-430, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1177329

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A obesidade afeta mais de um terço dos norte-americanos e sua prevalência está aumentando nos brasileiros. Em casos graves, a cirurgia bariátrica é considerada o tratamento mais bem-sucedido e duradouro. Durante a avaliação pré operatória, deve-se investigar causas secundárias de obesidade e, especificamente no Brasil, deve-se excluir síndrome de Cushing (SC) nesses pacientes, apesar de recomendações controversas de rastreio de SC em diretrizes atuais. A prevalência de SC endógena é extremamente baixa, mas parece ser maior em populações específicas, como pacientes diabéticos, com hipertensão resistente, ou portadores de obesidade Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de triagem positiva para SC em obesos candidatos a cirurgia bariátrica e discutir possíveis fatores de risco ou co-morbidades associadas à positividade do rastreio. Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com 629 pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de obesidade da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte entre 2008 e 2016. Realizada a triagem da SC com o teste de supressão noturna com 1mg de dexametasona (1mg-DST), dosando o cortisol na manhã seguinte (ponto de corte ≥1,8µg/dL). Resultados: 80 dos 629 pacientes apresentaram rastreio positivo para SC. Destes, 20 pacientes foram considerados negativos após repetirem o 1mg-DST e 6 pacientes foram negativos após o teste Liddle 1. Conclusão: A prevalência de rastreio positivo para SC foi igual a 12,7%, semelhante aos dados da literatura. Nenhum fator de risco ou co-morbidade pôde ser diretamente associado à positividade do teste de rastreamento.


Introduction: Obesity affects more than a third of Americans and its prevalence is increasing in Brazilians. In severe cases, bariatric surgery is considered the most successful and long-lasting treatment. During the preoperative evaluation, secondary causes of obesity should be investigated and, specifically in Brazil, Cushing's Syndrome (CS) should be excluded in these patients, despite controversial recommendations for CS screening in current guidelines. The prevalence of endogenous SC is extremely low, but appears to be higher in specific populations, such as diabetics, patients with resistant hypertension or those with obesity. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of positive screening for CS in obese candidates for bariatric surgery and to discuss possible risk factors or comorbidities associated with screening positivity. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 629 patients attended at the Obesity Outpatient Clinic of Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte between 2008 and 2016. CS screening was performed with a 1mg dexamethasone (1mg-DST) suppression test, dosing cortisol in the next morning (cut-off point ≥1.8µg / dL). Results:80 of the 629 patients had positive screening for SC. Of these, 20 patients were considered negative after repeated 1mg-DST and 6 patients were negative after the Liddle 1 test. Conclusion: The prevalence of positive screening for SC was 12.7%, similar to the literature. No risk factor or co-morbidity could be directly associated with the positivity of the screening test.


Subject(s)
Obesity , Obesity, Morbid , Prevalence , Morbidity , Cushing Syndrome , Bariatric Surgery
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